The museum includes sections on the history and material culture of science, zoology, anthropology, mineralogy, and paleontology. Its scientific and cultural collection is mainly the result of the museum's own research and various scientific expeditions, as well as donations. It is a privileged location for researchers of all nationalities, allowing the development of undergraduate, master's, and doctoral theses through the study of preserved scientific heritage.

The National Museum of Natural History and Science also produces or hosts permanent and temporary exhibitions and serves as a venue for conferences, debates, training courses, and a variety of events, always with the aim of promoting scientific, cultural, and artistic dissemination.

The museum also has a strong connection to the visual arts, having hosted exhibitions in the Sala do Veado for 25 years. Currently, it showcases contemporary art exhibitions in other areas of its premises, such as the former shop, atrium, or laboratories. It has featured artists such as Sofia Areal, Jorge Molder, Miguel Branco, Ana Vidigal, Joana Vasconcelos, Alexandre Estrela, among others.

The museum is located at Rua da Escola Politécnica, 58, in Lisbon. This building is classified as a Monument of Public Interest. The current facilities of the National Museum of Natural History and Science occupy an area that in the 17th century corresponded to the Noviciate of Cotovia and its garden, owned by the Society of Jesus, which, after its suppression, would be occupied by the Royal College of Nobles (1761-1837). This would later give rise to the Polytechnic School (1837-1911), which, in turn, led to the Faculty of Sciences, which operated there between 1911 and 1985.

The museum's collections include a wide variety of disciplines such as zoology, anthropology, mineralogy, paleontology, and the history of science. These collections serve as valuable resources for scientific research, education, and exhibition purposes. Researchers from around the world have access to the museum's collections for study and collaboration.

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In addition to its research and collection activities, the museum plays a vital role in science communication and public engagement. It organizes and hosts exhibitions, lectures, workshops, and other educational programs that aim to promote scientific literacy and stimulate curiosity about the natural world.

The National Museum of Natural History and Science is not only a center for scientific and educational activities but also a cultural institution that fosters interdisciplinary connections. It has established collaborations with artists, designers, and other creative professionals to explore the intersection of science and art. This interdisciplinary approach has resulted in innovative exhibitions and projects that bring together different perspectives and create unique experiences for visitors.

As a prominent institution within the University of Lisbon, the National Museum of Natural History and Science continues to contribute to the advancement of knowledge, the preservation of scientific heritage, and the promotion of science and culture. Through its diverse activities, it strives to inspire and engage audiences of all ages, fostering a deeper appreciation and understanding of the natural world and the scientific endeavors that explore it.

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